Technical Flashcards
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Data Structures
Q: Stack follows which principle?
A: LIFO.
Q: Queue follows which principle?
A: FIFO.
Q: BFS uses which data structure?
A: Queue.
Q: DFS uses which data structure?
A: Stack or recursion.
Q: Array index access time?
A: O(1).
Q: Linked list search time?
A: O(n).
Q: Binary search needs what condition?
A: Sorted data.
Q: Binary search time complexity?
A: O(log n).
Q: Hash table average search complexity?
A: O(1).
Q: Heap is commonly used for what?
A: Priority queue.
OS
Q: What is a process?
A: Program in execution.
Q: What is a thread?
A: Lightweight execution unit inside process.
Q: What does Round Robin use?
A: Time quantum.
Q: What is starvation?
A: Indefinite waiting.
Q: Name four deadlock conditions.
A: Mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, circular wait.
Q: Paging uses fixed or variable blocks?
A: Fixed-size blocks.
Q: Segmentation uses fixed or variable blocks?
A: Variable-size logical blocks.
Q: What is page fault?
A: Required page is not in RAM.
Q: What is thrashing?
A: Excessive page faults causing performance collapse.
DAA
Q: Merge sort worst-case complexity?
A: O(n log n).
Q: Quick sort worst-case complexity?
A: O(nĀ²).
Q: Dijkstra fails with what type of weights?
A: Negative weights.
Q: DP needs what properties?
A: Overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.
Q: Greedy makes what kind of choice?
A: Locally best choice.
Networking
Q: TCP is reliable or unreliable?
A: Reliable.
Q: UDP is connectionless or connection-oriented?
A: Connectionless.
Q: DNS port?
A: 53.
Q: HTTP port?
A: 80.
Q: HTTPS port?
A: 443.
Q: SSH port?
A: 22.
Q: Switch uses what address?
A: MAC address.
Q: Router uses what address?
A: IP address.
Q: ARP maps what?
A: IP to MAC.
Q: DHCP does what?
A: Assigns IP addresses automatically.
Embedded
Q: Microcontroller includes what?
A: CPU, memory, and I/O peripherals.
Q: Microprocessor includes what mainly?
A: CPU.
Q: ADC converts what?
A: Analog to digital.
Q: DAC converts what?
A: Digital to analog.
Q: Interrupt means what?
A: Event that pauses normal flow and runs ISR.
Q: Polling means what?
A: CPU repeatedly checks device status.
Q: I2C lines?
A: SDA and SCL.
Q: SPI lines?
A: MOSI, MISO, SCLK, SS.
Q: Watchdog timer does what?
A: Resets system if software hangs.
QA
Q: Verification asks what?
A: Are we building the product right?
Q: Validation asks what?
A: Are we building the right product?
Q: Smoke testing means?
A: Basic build verification.
Q: Regression testing means?
A: Testing old functionality after changes.
Q: Severity means?
A: Impact of defect.
Q: Priority means?
A: Urgency to fix.
Q: Selenium is used for?
A: Web UI automation.
Q: Postman is used for?
A: API testing.
Q: JMeter is used for?
A: Performance/load testing.